As the Gulf pushes deeper into 5G-Advanced and begins laying the groundwork for 6G, the challenge is shifting from network deployment to commercial value.
Ahead of MWC26 Doha, Jawad Abbassi, head of MENA at GSMA, speaks to Gulf Business about monetising 5G, the growing role of AI, network resilience, spectrum policy and what it will take to build more inclusive digital economies across the region.
The Gulf is already among the world’s most advanced 5G markets, while operators are beginning to prepare for 6G. Where should they be investing now, and how do they avoid moving towards 6G before they have fully monetised 5G and 5G-Advanced?
It is important that operators do not look at 5G and 6G as two completely separate journeys. The priority now should be to get more value out of the 5G investments already being made, while putting in place the capabilities that will eventually support 6G.
That means continuing to scale 5G Standalone and 5G-Advanced, while also focusing more closely on the commercial side: how operators can develop, sell and support enterprise services at scale.
The biggest opportunity is not necessarily faster consumer connectivity. It is in areas where advanced connectivity can have a measurable impact on how businesses and public services operate, particularly in mission-critical environments. Private networks, edge computing, network APIs and technologies such as RedCap can all help extend the value of 5G beyond the traditional consumer use case.
This is where the industry needs to take some of the lessons from the first phase of 5G. Network deployment on its own does not create a business case. Operators need to focus on use cases that can scale, build the right partnerships and develop business models that generate value.
5G-Advanced is particularly important in that respect. It allows operators to improve network performance, efficiency and intelligence today, while building some of the capabilities that will underpin more AI-native networks in the future.
This makes MWC26 Doha particularly timely. This first-of-its-kind co-location with the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference will bring together leaders from government, international institutions and industry for a pivotal period of digital policy engagement and connectivity showcases in Doha.
The conversation at MWC Doha will increasingly be about managing that transition, not simply when 6G arrives, but how we ensure the investments being made today deliver value now while laying the groundwork for what comes next.
GSMA research suggests AI use among MENA operators has so far been focused heavily on operational efficiency. What will it take for AI to become a meaningful new revenue stream for telecom companies rather than primarily a cost-saving tool?
Operational efficiency is a natural starting point. AI can help operators make networks more predictive, improve energy efficiency, optimise traffic, identify faults before they affect customers and make customer service much more responsive.
But the larger opportunity lies in the use of the assets operators already have, such as connectivity, data, trusted customer relationships, distributed infrastructure and increasingly edge capabilities, to help other industries adopt AI. That requires a shift from using AI internally to turning AI-enabled capabilities into products and services. For consumers, that could mean more personalised services, smarter customer care and more relevant offerings.
For enterprises, the opportunity is much broader, from AI infrastructure and GPU-as-a-service to edge inferencing, secure data services and industry-specific solutions for healthcare, transport, manufacturing and energy.
Network APIs are another important piece of this. Through initiatives such as GSMA Open Gateway, operators can make network capabilities available in standardised ways, allowing developers and enterprises to build services around areas such as identity, fraud prevention, security and quality on demand. The global network API market is expected to reach $7.6bn by 2030, which gives a sense of the commercial opportunity if operators can make these capabilities easy to use at scale.
Ultimately, the challenge is moving from individual AI pilots to solutions that can be repeated, scaled and monetised. That will require investment in cloud and data-centre capacity, edge infrastructure, skills, data governance and partnerships. Operators do not need to own every part of the AI value chain, but they do need to be clear about where they can add real value.
Network resilience and digital sovereignty are becoming much bigger priorities across the region. What does a genuinely resilient telecom network look like, and where are the biggest vulnerabilities operators still need to address?
A genuinely resilient network starts with the assumption that disruption will happen. The question is how quickly and effectively the network can respond when it does.
That means having redundancy at multiple levels: diverse subsea cable routes, alternative terrestrial connections, resilient data centres, backup power, intelligent traffic rerouting and strong cybersecurity.
Most importantly, operators need tested business-continuity plans and close coordination with governments, other operators and international partners. This has only proven its importance, especially during these challenging times, as telecom networks are no longer simply communications infrastructure. They support financial services, healthcare, public safety, emergency response and the wider economy. As more services become digital and increasingly autonomous, the impact of an outage becomes much greater.
The priority is to reduce single points of failure, whether in a particular cable route, terrestrial connection, cloud dependency or energy source, while treating cyber resilience as an integral part of the network rather than something added on afterwards. That means looking at security across network design, operations and the supply chain.
Non-terrestrial networks can also play an important role, particularly in remote areas or during emergencies when terrestrial infrastructure is compromised. Digital sovereignty should not mean isolation or duplication for its own sake. It should mean having secure, trusted and resilient infrastructure, capabilities and partnerships needed to keep critical services running when conditions are challenging.
Spectrum will be critical to the transition towards 6G. What decisions need to be made now to ensure Gulf markets remain at the forefront of next-generation connectivity?
Spectrum policy is one of the decisions that needs to be made well ahead of the technology itself. While commercial 6G deployments are generally expected around the end of this decade, the international discussions and planning that will shape those networks are already underway.
For the Gulf, one of the priorities should be long-term capacity planning, particularly around mid-band spectrum, which is expected to remain central to balancing coverage and capacity in future networks. GSMA analysis suggests that 6G networks could require up to three times today’s mid-band spectrum to meet projected demand growth. That means identifying potential bands early and ensuring the region is actively involved in the international discussions that will shape the spectrum environment for next-generation connectivity.
Harmonisation is equally important. When markets align around common spectrum bands, it creates economies of scale for devices and network equipment, while making regional and cross-border services easier to develop.
The other consideration is how spectrum is priced and allocated. Governments need to manage a valuable public resource, but the broader investment equation also matters. If spectrum costs absorb too much capital, that can affect the funds available for network rollout and upgrades.
The GCC has an opportunity to be proactive in shaping the next generation rather than simply waiting for the global ecosystem to settle around 6G.
There is still a significant gap between the Gulf’s advanced networks and connectivity in other parts of MENA. As technology moves towards AI-native and eventually 6G networks, how do you prevent that gap from widening further?
The digital divide is becoming about much more than whether a network reaches a particular location and is shifting to whether people and businesses can actually make meaningful use of this connectivity.
Across MENA, mobile broadband coverage has expanded significantly: 96 per cent of the population lives within mobile broadband coverage, yet only 49 per cent were using mobile internet at the end of 2023. There are still barriers around affordability, access to suitable devices, digital skills, relevant local content and trust. Those issues become even more important as networks become more sophisticated.
The objective should be to make sure that better connectivity translates into real economic and social opportunities. That means continuing to invest in affordable, high-quality networks, but also in digital literacy, devices and services that address local needs, whether in education, healthcare, agriculture, financial inclusion or support for small businesses.
There is also no single technology that will solve the connectivity challenge. Terrestrial networks will remain the foundation, but satellite and other non-terrestrial technologies can complement them in remote communities, across difficult terrain and in areas where conventional infrastructure is difficult or uneconomic to deploy.
More broadly, connectivity needs to be considered alongside cloud infrastructure, data, skills, cybersecurity, investment and regulation. If these elements develop at very different speeds, the digital divide can become more pronounced even where basic network coverage is strong.
The goal should therefore be to ensure the next generation of connectivity is not simply faster, but more accessible, useful, and capable of creating opportunities across the region.
MWC26 Doha will bring technology leaders, operators, and policymakers together to discuss many of these issues. What concrete business or policy outcomes would you like to see emerge from Doha, particularly around AI, spectrum, investment and the path to 6G?
The most valuable outcome would be practical alignment. We need policy frameworks that give industry the confidence to invest, and industry commitments that turn technology ambitions into measurable economic and social outcomes.
On AI, I would like to see more partnerships move beyond broad statements of intent and into projects that bring together operators, cloud providers, governments, universities and enterprises. That could include AI infrastructure and data centres, edge computing, trusted data frameworks and the skills needed to make those investments useful.
On spectrum, Doha can help build momentum around long-term policy approaches that support capacity, investment and regional alignment. The region has an opportunity to contribute meaningfully to the global 6G conversation rather than simply responding to decisions made elsewhere.
Investment is another important part of the discussion. Innovation only has an impact when it can scale, so the focus should be on creating the conditions for that, such as predictable regulation, interoperability, cybersecurity, access to capital and effective public-private partnerships.
When it comes to 6G, the conversation should remain grounded in what we have learned from 5G. Before we talk about technology for its own sake, we should be asking what problems it will solve, which industries will benefit, what partnerships are needed and what the sustainable business models will look like.
Ultimately, I would like to see the conversations in MWC26 Doha translate into something tangible: new partnerships, clearer policy direction and investment decisions that help build more intelligent, resilient, inclusive and sustainable digital economies across the region.