Few energy companies have been tested like DTEK. Since 2022, Ukraine’s largest private power producer has watched its power stations, grids and gas installations being compromised regularly because of the crisis impacting the country — and rebuilt them, repeatedly. As a result, the company has acquired hard operational knowledge: how to protect critical infrastructure, how to recover from strikes in days rather than months, and how to keep a grid standing when parts of it are gone.
That knowledge now travels. As Gulf economies invest at scale in smart grids, renewables and digital infrastructure, and as energy security climbs the agenda worldwide, DTEK‘s CEO Maxim Timchenko speaks to Gulf Business about what most operators still underestimate, and the four priorities every energy leader should be acting on now.
Ukraine’s energy infrastructure has faced sustained disruption over the past few years. What are the biggest operational lessons your company has learned about protecting critical infrastructure under extreme pressure?
The first strikes in 2022 were a shock. Today, an asset can be hit repeatedly and still return to service. We are better prepared with stronger protection, and work closely with government, military and industry partners. We have learned how to keep the lights on.
We have learnt that the key to resilience is not whether you can stop every attack, but how quickly you can recover. We now restore infrastructure as quickly as anyone in the world. This is about planning, understanding your points of vulnerability, having spare parts in place and trained teams ready to go, and having support mechanisms at both national and international levels. We could not do this without the support of our partners abroad.
Many Gulf economies are heavily reliant on uninterrupted energy exports and stable utilities networks. From your experience, where do regional governments and companies tend to underestimate vulnerabilities in their energy systems?
A big part of the challenge is the principles on which energy systems are built. Traditionally, most were designed to maximise efficiency and scale, minimise cost and reduce complexity. Ukraine’s experience, and the questions many operators are now asking themselves, show how vulnerable large and centralised assets can be. A single disruption at a major power station can affect electricity supply across a wide area.
From the first days of the crisis, Ukraine realised it had to decentralise rapidly, spreading generation across smaller assets like gas turbines, wind farms, battery storage and rooftop solar. These are more difficult to disable in a single event, and many can be repaired within days, rather than the months or years needed to restore a large thermal unit.
Operators globally have also increasingly minimised their spare equipment stockpiles in the name of efficiency. But to create a resilient system, these ‘redundancies’ are critical.
It’s a mindset shift that the entire sector must go through: energy security must now be treated as a core priority.
Beyond physical protection, how important are speed of recovery and operational continuity when infrastructure is disrupted? What systems has DTEK put in place to restore operations quickly?
Speed of recovery is as critical as protection itself, because no system can prevent every incident. Since 2022, we have lost a large proportion of our generation capacity three times. Each time we have rebuilt it almost completely. Recovery speed, in the end, is what determines whether a system holds.
We coordinate restoration through a dedicated central planning team that works around the clock, monitoring our supply chains, speaking with donors and organising resources and manpower where they are needed most. Behind this is our workforce of 55,000 people. We invest heavily in training our engineers and, if necessary, can move hundreds or thousands of employees at short notice. Having so many people ready and willing to restore power under difficult conditions is extraordinary, and it is what makes recovery possible.
Last winter was the ultimate test. Some of our power stations were out of service in temperatures of -25C, and Ukrainians faced extended power cuts. But the system held thanks to the operational resilience of our sector.
The Gulf is investing heavily in smart grids, renewables and digital infrastructure. Does greater digitalisation improve resilience, or can it also create new vulnerabilities that companies need to prepare for?
There are pros and cons, but overall digitalisation gives defenders an edge by making us faster, smarter and more adaptable, even as the threats evolve.
For example, we use AI to counter cyberattacks, and to speed up response times, connect our teams and identify weaknesses.
Gulf countries’ investment in smart grids is also a wise move. In Ukraine, critical nodes across the grid have been targeted repeatedly, and in 2022 the country came close to a nationwide blackout. Smart grids create firewalls to stop the fallout from a single failure cascading through the system. They also help us harness energy from a wider array of generation sources like wind farms and solar, which has a direct benefit in terms of energy security. The system DTEK is building around Kyiv today can detect problems earlier, isolate faults faster, and reroute power in seconds rather than hours.
For energy leaders in the Middle East watching global conflicts reshape risk planning, what practical steps should they be taking now to build more resilient power systems over the long term?
Any country thinking seriously about energy security needs to invest not only in protection, but in flexibility and readiness. Our experience points to four practical priorities.
First, people. You have to train your workforce – not just to operate assets but to manage crises. That means knowing how to take equipment offline safely, operate through a disruption and restart afterwards. Motivation is just as critical. People must believe recovery is possible, even after assets have been damaged one, two, three times.
Second, planning. Preparation starts with an honest assessment of vulnerabilities. Where are the chokepoints? Which components take the longest to replace? In our case, transformers are the most critical bottleneck, with 9-12 months of production lead times. That means planning and stocking up in advance and diversifying suppliers. At a global level, we have to start addressing the lack of manufacturing capacity to respond to these crises.
Third, protection. Physical protection works when it’s layered, from basic measures like sandbags and reinforced concrete, through to advanced air-defence systems and real-time coordination between plant managers and defence forces.
Fourth, partnership. Ukraine has come through the past four years thanks in large part to the support of our allies. Now it is time for us to pay back – to offer our knowledge, bring our technology and systems. We are already in dialogue with partners in the Gulf, and we are ready to share these practical insights with regional operators to strengthen our energy security together.